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AWS ACM PCA for AWS IoT and SSL Pinning

Photo by Micah Williams on Unsplash AWS ACM PCA ACM Private CA enables the creation of private certificate authority (CA) hierarchies, including root and subordinate CAs[2]. What is a certificate authority (CA)? A certificate authority (CA), also sometimes referred to as a certification authority, is a company or organization that acts to validate the identities of entities[1]. There are many companies in the world that are CAs. You can buy services from them and use them to enable HTTPS in your websites among other things. In your Browser's address bar, there is a padlock icon and by clicking on it you can see the CA for the certificate that is being used by the website you are in. Figure 1: CA The above diagram shows the root CA(Google Trust Services - GlobalSign Root CA-R2) for the blogger.com platform. These certificates were provided by a company called GlobalSign . You will also see that there are three certificates in the image in a hierarchical structure. Mor...

JDK25 ScopedValue instead of ThreadLocal

Let’s start the discussion with ThreadLocal. ThreadLocal is a mechanism that allows you to associate state with a thread. For example, instead of retrieving the userId in the controller and passing it through all layers until it reaches the final layer(usually the repository layer that holds the database connection), you can store the userId in a ThreadLocal and access it anywhere within the same thread. with and without ThreadLocal in multi threaded environment The left side of the above diagram depicts how ThreadLocal is used to store user data for the entire lifetime of the business logic execution. The Spring Framework uses ThreadLocal to store security data related to authentication and authorisation. It is a mechanism to decouple the security aspects from the core business logic of the application. Let's explore further on the Spring SecurityContext Spring SecurityContextHolder I have created a sample application to demonstrate how ThreadLocal is used by Spring’s SecurityCo...

Micro Batch Processing in Python, Java and TS/Node

Micro-batch processing is the practice of collecting data in small groups (“batches”) for the purposes of taking action on (processing) that data. Micro-batch processor Imagine an application that produces many logs within seconds. If the Logs API is called that frequently to store each log, the logging service will be flooded with requests, which can eventually cause the application to crash. Instead, group logs into batches and make a single call to the Logs API per second. This approach is more sustainable and robust. Basically, whenever something needs to be processed asap, but also requires efficient management of resources, micro-batching is the way to go. Next, let's look at some real world examples. Examples : Example 1: OpenSearch/LogStash Logstash works in batches. Some code needs to be executed regardless of how many events are processed at a time within the pipeline worker. Instead of executing that code 100 times for 100 events, it’s more efficient to run it once for...

The Morning Machine

Source : https://www.drinkmorning.com/ The Smart Coffee Machine This coffee machine will enable you to brew great coffee at home while providing you the ability to control temperature, output, and pressure. The machine comes with wifi and a mobile application that enables you to control all these parameters. The machine comes with several default recipes, and once you got the machine, you can start brewing straight away, even without connecting it to wifi. When connected to the wifi, you can use the mobile application to create more recipes with different configurations. From the mobile application, you will be able to browse more recipes under different roasters. The app will also enable you to create your own recipes and manage recipes in the machine, among other many features. Roaster recipes Brew and create recipes Manage machine recipes Find more about the machine: https://www.drinkmorning.com/pages/the-morning-machine The Technology The Coffee Machine and the Ec...

Java: Runnable vs Callable

Photo by Maxwell Nelson on Unsplash Runnable There are two ways to create a thread Provide a Runnable object. Subclass Thread Callable A task that returns a result and may throw an exception. Implementors define a single method with no arguments called call. Why Runnable and Callable? Why there are two approaches to handle threads in Java? Let's dig further. Imagine there is a single-threaded web server that can accept client requests. This server will definitely be very slow and inefficient, but it can be improved by utilizing threads. By using threads we can create a thread for each request to handle the request. Even with this approach, there are a few issues that could arise. Such as, Creating and teardown of threads for each request could cause resource exhaustion and make the system inefficient. Having many threads running at the same time could use more resources such as memory and CPU. The system could become unstable due to the thread limit. The number of threads a Java...

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